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This significant study reveals how participation is supported in the courts and tribunals of England and Wales. Including reflections on changes to the justice system as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it details the socio-structural, environmental, procedural, cultural and personal factors which constrain it.
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Lubet's Nothing But The Truth presents a novel and engaging analysis of the role of storytelling in trial advocacy. The best lawyers are storytellers, he explains, who take the raw and disjointed observations of witnesses and transform them into coherent and persuasive narratives. Critics of the adversary system, of course, have little patience for storytelling, regarding trial lawyers as flimflam artists who use sly means and cunning rhetoric to befuddle witnesses and bamboozle juries. Why not simply allow the witnesses to speak their minds, without the distorting influence of lawyers' strata
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A classical view of neural computation is that it can be characterized in terms of convergence to attractor states or sequential transitions among states in a noisy background. After over three decades, is this still a valid model of how brain dynamics implements cognition? This book provides a comprehensive collection of recent theoretical and experimental contributions addressing the question of stable versus transient neural population dynamics from complementary angles. These studies showcase recent efforts for designing a framework that encompasses the multiple facets of metastability in neural responses, one of the most exciting topics currently in systems and computational neuroscience.
Attractor Dynamics --- Trial-to-trial Variability --- Transient Dynamics --- Neural Noise --- Metastability
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
personalized medicine --- precision oncology --- pediatric oncology --- trial models --- drug models --- personalized precision pediatric oncology --- clinical trial designs
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To celebrate the 270th anniversary of the De Gruyter publishing house, the company is providing permanent open access to 270 selected treasures from the De Gruyter Book Archive. Titles will be made available to anyone, anywhere at any time that might be interested. The DGBA project seeks to digitize the entire backlist of titles published since 1749 to ensure that future generations have digital access to the high-quality primary sources that De Gruyter has published over the centuries.
Civil procedure. --- Civil procedure --- Procedure (Law) --- Actions and defenses --- Appellate procedure --- Trial practice --- Law and legislation
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In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.
Neuroscience. --- Perception --- Attentional control. --- Physiological aspects. --- reward --- emotions --- EEG --- attentional networks --- trial history --- TMS --- predictions --- neuroimaging
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L'importance que revêtent l'aveu et le témoignage dans le droit et les sociétés médiévale et moderne s'explique par la volonté des juges de trouver la preuve, élément essentiel pour prononcer la sentence attendue par les victimes, les prévenus, le corps social : du point de vue étymologique, « prouver » signifie mettre à l'épreuve, établir la vérité au nom de la justice et de l'équité. Dans le cadre des enquêtes, dont l'usage se développe à partir de la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle pour toutes sortes d'objets (judiciaire, administratif, fiscal, foncier), la parole des témoins prend la forme et le nom d'une confession, et l'enquête se donne pour objet d'atteindre, par ce biais, la « vérité ». L'intérêt prêté à cette forme du discours par les historiens du droit et des institutions rend compte d'une forte inclination à saisir les usages du droit savant, la procédure et les preuves légales au sein des villes et des anciens États.
Evidence (Law) --- Burden of proof --- Law, Medieval --- History --- Onus probandi --- Proof, Burden of --- Trial practice --- Presumption of innocence --- Extrinsic evidence --- Parol evidence --- Trial evidence --- Actions and defenses --- Judicial process --- Estoppel --- Law and legislation --- preuve --- période moderne --- droit --- Moyen-âge --- aveux
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The three defeated Axis powers – Japan, Italy and Germany – incorporated a prohibition on wars of aggression into their democratic constitutions. This book covers the years of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials and the constituent assemblies of 1947– 49 through to current debates on the adaptation of the pacifi st articles in line with new “humanitarian” wars. Aspects relating to the birth of the three countries’ constitutions are treated in great detail in three appendices.
Pacifisme. --- Constitutional history --- Pacifism. --- Japan. --- Italy. --- Germany. --- Peace --- Sociology, Military --- Evil, Non-resistance to --- Nonviolence --- constitution --- second world war --- after war period --- Japan --- Italy --- Germany --- wars of agression --- democratic constitution --- Nuremberg Trial --- Tokyo Trial --- pacifist articles
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Arendt, Eichmann and the Politics of the Past offers a critical analysis of the original American debate over Hannah Arendt’s report of the trial of Adolf Eichmann. First published in 2008, Tuija Parvikko’s book discusses both the campaign against Arendt organised by American Zionist organisations and the controversy Arendt’s report caused within American Jewish intellectual circles. Parvikko’s analysis carefully draws from the historical background of the report, discussing Arendt’s early studies of Zionism and her critique of the Jewish state. The volume also gives an account of Eichmann’s capture in Argentina and the reception of the report among legal scholars and the world press.;This edition includes a new prologue in which Parvikko reflects on her own account in connection to recent academic discussions on the controversy. The author’s analysis also covers contributions that have attempted to follow Arendt’s notion of thinking without banisters. With them, Parvikko engages in debate about going beyond Arendt’s theoretical reflections on cohabitation, sharing the world, and discussing the new political evils of the present world without pregiven norms and patterns of thought.
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Historiography. --- Arendt, Hannah, --- Blücher, Hannah Arendt, --- Bluecher, Hannah Arendt, --- Ārento, Hanna, --- Arendt, H. --- Arendt, Khanna, --- ארנדט, חנה --- アーレント, ハンナ, --- political judgement --- the politics of the past --- the Eichmann trial --- victimology --- political trial --- Hannah Arendt
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How does the trial function? What are the tools, in terms of legal principle, scientific knowledge, social norms, and political practice, which underpin this most important decision-making process? This collection of nine essays by an international group of scholars explores these crucial questions. Focusing both on English criminal, military, and parliamentary trials, and upon national and international trials for war crimes, this book illuminates the diverse forces that have shaped trials during the modern era. The contributors approach their subject from a variety of perspectives - legal history, social history, political history, sociology, and international law. With an appreciation and understanding of the relevant legal procedures, they address wider issues of psychology, gender, bureaucracy, and international relations within the adjudicative setting. Their inter-disciplinary approach imparts to this book a breadth not usually seen in studies of the courtroom. Scholars and students of modern British history, political science, and international law, as well as legal history, will find these essays stimulating and informative. Judicial tribunals in England and Europe, 1200-1700: The trial in history, vol. I, edited by Dr Maureen Mulholland and Professor Brian Pullan, is also published by Manchester University Press.
Trials --- Justice, Administration of --- War crime trials. --- History. --- trial --- law --- legal --- judicial --- Defendant --- International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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